ping 정리

ping 정리

C:>ping /?

Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
[-w timeout] target_name

Options:
-t Ping the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
To stop - type Control-C.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

C:WINDOWSsystem32>ping 192.168.0.10

Pinging 192.168.0.10 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.0.10: bytes=32 time=30ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.10: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.10: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.10: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.10:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 30ms, Average = 17ms

ping은 매번 32 byte를 data에 적재 하여 output를 보여 줍니다.

ping는 1000 milliseconds(1 second) 내에 응답이 없으면 Request timed out 이라는 메세지를 표시합니다.

C:WINDOWSsystem32>ping 172.16.10.99
Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

ping time를 5000으로 늘려 줍니다.
5초 이하로 reply가 돌아 온다면 output가 출력 되겠죠~

C:WINDOWSsystem32>ping 172.16.10.99 -w 5000

Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=1032ms TTL=103
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=1055ms TTL=103
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=1059ms TTL=103
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=1096ms TTL=103

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1055ms, Maximum = 1032ms, Average = 1010ms

ping 명령어를 이용하여 MTU(Maximum Transfer Unit)를 확인


# 기본 적인 Ping 명령어를 이용하여 reply를 확인 할 수 있습니다.
c:windowssystem32>ping 172.16.10.99

Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 17ms, Maximum = 21ms, Average = 18ms


# MTU size를 1500byte로 setting(MTU Packet size가 너무 큰 걸 확인 할 수 있습니다.)
c:windowssystem32>ping -f -l 1500 172.16.10.99

Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 1273 bytes of data:

Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),


# MTU size를 1273byte로 setting(역시 MTU Packet size가 너무 큰 걸 확인 할 수 있습니다.)
c:windowssystem32>ping -f -l 1273 172.16.10.99

Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 1273 bytes of data:

Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.
Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set.

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),


# MTU size를 1500byte로 setting(최대 MTS size를 확인 할 수 있습니다.) c:windowssystem32>ping -f -l 1272 172.16.10.99

Pinging 172.16.10.99 with 1272 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=1272 time=25ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=1272 time=24ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=1272 time=26ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.10.99: bytes=1272 time=23ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 172.16.10.99:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 23ms, Maximum = 26ms, Average = 24ms


MTU size는 1272 byte로 나타납니다.
하지만 실제 MTU size는 ping packet에 ip header 가 포함 되니 "ip header size + 1272 byte" 가 되겠죠?
따라서 MTU size는 1272 + 28 = 1300 byte 가 됩니다.

ping -t 옵션을 사용하면 ping에 대한 reply를 끊임없이 받아 옵니다.
Ctrl+c를 누르면 명령어가 멈춤과 동시에 ping 결과를 나타냅니다.
Ctrl+Break를 누르면 ping 결과만 나타냅니다.


C:WINDOWSsystem32>ping -t 192.168.0.1

Pinging 192.168.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=86ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=34ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=104ms TTL=255
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1:
Packets: Sent = 12, Received = 11, Lost = 1 (8% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 104ms, Average = 34ms
Control-Break
^C
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=95ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1:
Packets: Sent = 15, Received = 14, Lost = 1 (6% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 104ms, Average = 35ms
Control-c
^C

ping -a 옵션으로 특정 IP를 사용하는 host의 DNS를 알 수 있습니다.

C:>ping -a 9.187.202.142

Pinging banggae [192.168.100.1] with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.100.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

"대상 호스트에 연결할 수 없습니다."라는 메시지는 해당 IP 주소가 사용중이지 않다라는 뜻

"요청 시간이 만료되었습니다."라는 메시지는 해당 IP 주소는 사용중이지만 통신을 거부하는 정책이 적용되어있다는 뜻